b12 injection sub q or im Cyanocobalamin – 1000 mcg/mL b12 injections im or subq

Vitamins B1, B6, and B12 are water-soluble, and as such, when absorbed into the body, they are excreted via the kidneys

Common side effects include, but may not be limited to: pain or redness at the injection site mild diarrhea pruritus (itching) increased swelling joint pain dizziness headache nervousness or anxiety Serious side effects may include: allergic reactions peripheral vascular thrombosis hypokalemia (low potassium levels) pulmonary edema (fluid build-up around or in the lungs) thrombocytosis congestive heart failure There have been reports of anaphylactic shock and death after the parenteral administration of vitamin B12

The disease is called pernicious ( deadly ), because before B12 shots were available, people had no choice but to die

It was not until a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas denitrificans was used, in which eight of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of the vitamin had been overexpressed, that the complete sequence of methylation and other steps could be determined, thus fully establishing all the intermediates in the pathway

For a deeper dive, explore The Benefits of Vitamin B12: What You Need to Know