Current opinion in pharmacology, 7(4), 355359
One of the main molecular pathologic mechanisms in this setting is represented by -synuclein aggregation in mitochondria, which leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces activation of p38 MAPK, a MAP-kinase that triggers the phosphorylation of Drp1 (dynamin-related protein-1), which eventually leads to mitochondrial fission (Lev et al., 2006)
Immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra and caudoputamen suggested its neuroprotective role against the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons
Injecting on training days, either before or after exercise, potentially provides GHK-Cu when repair mechanisms are most active
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